AIKIDO DICTIONARY
Aikido
Expressions
Ranks in Aikido
The Practice Hall
The Uniform
Commands
Techniques
Postures
Hand holding
Strikes
Hand Techniques
Pins (Osae wasa)
Throws:
Weapons
Numbers
MAIN MENU
SHOGUN
Aikido
| Aikido | The way of harmony with ki |
| Budo | Martial way |
| Bushido | The way of the warrior |
| Hara | The abdomen, stomach, your centre/stability, One's centre of mass |
| Ki | Spirit, Energy |
| Zazen | Meditation |
| Zanshin | Readiness, awareness, preparedness |
An expression of appreciation
| Domo arigato | Thank you (formal) |
| Domo arigato gozaimasu | Thank you very much (very formal) (for something that is happening) |
| Domo arigato gozaimas'ta | Thank you very much (very formal) (for something that has just ended) |
| Onegaishimasu | Please (when asking for something, usually as in Please lets practice together) |
Ranks in Aikido
| O-sensei | Literally, ``Great Teacher,' |
| Doshu | Head of the way (currently Moriteru Ueshiba) |
| Shihan | A formal title meaning, approximately, ``master instructor.' |
| Shidoin | A formal title meaning, approximately, ``instructor.'' |
| Kudan | 9th dan (black belt) |
| Hachidan | 8th dan (black belt) |
| Shichidan | 7th dan (black belt) |
| Rokudan | 6th dan (black belt) |
| Godan | 5th dan (black belt) |
| Yodan | 4th dan (black belt) |
| Sandan | 3rd dan (black belt) |
| Nidan | 2nd dan (black belt) |
| Shodan | 1st dan (black belt) |
| Ikkyu | 1st kyu (Brown belt) |
| Nikyu | 2nd kyu (Blue belt) |
| Sankyu | 3rd kyu (Green belt) |
| Yokyu | 4th kyu (Orange belt) |
| Gokyu | 5th kyu (Yellow belt) |
| Rokkyu | 6th kyu (White belt) |
| Aikidoka | One who participates in aikido |
| Uke | One who receives the technique |
| Tori,Nage | One who applies the technique |
The Practice Hall
| Hombu dojo | A term used to refer to the central dojo of an organization |
| Dojo | Training hall, Literally place of the Way |
| Tatami | The mat on whitch a martial art is practiced |
| Kamiza | Upper seat (focal point of the dojo, indentified by the display of Master Uyeshiba's picture or framed sample of calligraphy, instructor side) |
| Shimoza | Lower seat (opposite of instructor) |
| Joseki | Upper side (advanced student side, left side of the kamiza) |
| Shimoseki | Lower side (the right side of kamiza) |
The Uniform
| Gi (keikogi) | Practice suit |
| Hakama | Divided skirt worn over the gi, usually worn by black-belt ranks |
| Obi | A belt |
| Tabi | Japanese sock-slippers used in dojo |
| Zori | Japanese sandals for use outside dojo |
Commands
| Kamae | Ready posture |
| Hijime | Start, begin or go |
| Mate | Wait |
| Mokuso | Close the eyes, meditation |
| Suwatte | Sit down |
| Tatte | Raise |
| Yame | Stop, End |
| Yoi | Ready |
| Rei | Bow |
| Shinzen ni rei | Bow to shrine |
| Sensei ni rei | Bow to sensei |
| Joseki ni rei | Bow to the high section of the dojo |
| Otagai ni rei | Bow to each other |
| Ritsurei | When you step on the mat, bow slightly in the direction of the kamiza (in normal standing natural posture) |
| Hai | I understand |
Practice with a partner
| Tachi waza | Standing technique |
| Suwari wasa | Sitting technique |
| Tanto dori | Knife technique |
| Zagi-handachi | Both partners kneeling |
| Hanmi-handachi waza | Sitting / standing technique |
| Te wasa | Hand technique |
| Nage-waza | Throwing or Projection techniques |
| Kansetsu-waza | Joint / Pining techniques |
| Atemi-waza | Striking / hitting techniques |
| Hitori-waza | "invisible partner practice " |
| Jiyu-waza | Free-style attack and defence with 2 or more Ukes |
| Ninnin dori | Practice with 2 Ukes |
| Sannin dori | Practice with 3 Ukes |
| Randori | Freeform attack and response |
| Ukemi | Break falls |
| Mai ukemi | Forward fall / roll |
| Ushiro ukemi | Backward fall / roll |
| Shikko | Knee walking |
| Tsugi-ashi | " Glide " walking |
| Chidori-ashi | A cross-over (zig zag) step |
| Taisabaki | A circular movement of blending with an attacker (Irimi-tenkan) |
| Kaiten | Turning on the spot 180, feet remaining in place |
| Irimi (or Omote ) | Moving to or across the front of an opponent,positive entering |
| Tenkan (or Ura) | Circular motion - turning to the outside of an opponent |
| Tenshin | A movement where nage retreats 45 degrees away from the attack |
| Torifune | Boat rowing exercise |
| Ikkio shihogiri | 4-direction turning |
| Tai-no-henko | Basic blending (tenkan) exercise |
| KI-no-nagare | Tai-no-henko as a flowing movement- or any technique |
| Irimi (omote) | Entering across the front of your partner |
| Hi-shin-undo | Back stretch |
Postures
| Kamae | Posture, stance. |
| Tachi | Standing |
| Keiza | Kneeling, but up on the toes |
| Iai (Tate) hiza | Kneeling on one calf |
| Seiza | Formal sitting position, kneeling on both calves |
| Hanmi | Half forward stance (posture in which one foot is advanced) |
| Ai-hanmi | Opponents face each other in same postures |
| Gyaku-hanmi | Opponents face each other in different postures |
| Hidari-hanmi | Left natural posture |
| Migi-hanmi | Right natural posture |
| Hanmi-hantachi | One person is sitting and the other standing |
| Hitoemi | Equal stance, feet parallel forward |
| Iai goshi | Hips lowered, stable position |
| Mai-ai | Correct distance between opponents |
| Mae | Forward |
| Migi | Right |
| Hidari | Left |
| Heiko | Parallel |
| Omote | Front |
| Ura | Back |
| Ushiro | Rearward, behind |
| Uchi | Inside |
| Soto | Outside |
Hand Holds
| Katate dori | One hand holding one hand |
| Ai-hanmi katatedori | hand grab left wrist with your left hand |
| Gyaku-hanmi katatedori | To grasp with one's hand reversed; to grasp and opponents right wrist with your left hand |
| Gyaku | Reverse, opposite, inverted |
| Hiji dori | Elbow grab |
| Sode dori | Sleeve grab |
| Kata dori | Shoulder hold |
| Mune dori | One or two hand lapel hold (chest) |
| Morote dori | Two hands holding one hand |
| Ryote dori | Two hands holding two hands |
| Katatekosa-dori | Crosshand wristhold |
| Ryokata dori | Grabbing both shoulders |
| Ryokatate dori | Grabbing both wrists |
| Katatekosa dori | Crosshand wristhold |
| Ushiro tekubi dori | Wrist grab from the back |
| Ushiro ryote dori | Grabbing both wrists from the back |
| Ushiro ryokata dori | Grabbing both shoulders from the back |
| Ushiro hiji-dori | Hold elbows from behind |
| Ushiro eri-dori | Neck grab from the back (usually the collar ) |
| Ushiro kubi shime | Rear choke |
| Ushiro katate dori kubishime | Neck choke from behind with one hand and the other hand holding at the wrist |
| Munedakishime | Bear hug usually from behind - ushiro |
Strikes
| Atemi | Strike to a vital points of the body |
| Tsuki | Straight thrust (punch), esp. to the midsection |
| Chudan-zuki | A punch to the abdominal region |
| Gedan-zuki | Downward punch |
| Jodan-zuki | Upper strike |
| Oi-zuki | A step-punch |
| Shomen uchi | Overhead strike to the head |
| Yokomen uchi | Diagonal strike to the side of the head |
| Gyaku-zuki | Punching with the rear hand |
| Gyaku-uchi | Any reverse strike |
| Kaeshi-zuki | Counter thrus |
| Katate-uchi | One-handed strike |
| Men-uchi | Strike to head |
| Mune tsuki | Thrust toward knot on obi |
| Oi-zuki Uchi | Inside strike |
| Yoko-uchi | A side ward strike Holds |
| Geri | kick |
| Jodan | High |
| Chudan | Middle |
| Gedan | Low |
| Shomen | Straight ahead |
| Yoko | Horizontal, to the side |
| Tegatana | The " cutting " edge of the hand |
Technique
| Ikkyo | 1. principle = oshi taoshi |
| Nikyo | 2. principle = kotemaki |
| Sankyo | 3. principle = shibori-kime |
| Yonkyo | 4. principle |
| Gokyo | 5. principle, used where uke is holding a knife |
| Rokkyo | 6. principle = waki-katame or ude-hishigi, Lock applied against the elbow |
| Nanakyo | 7. principle = Yonkyo applied to back of wrist |
| Hakyo | 8. principle = kote-ori-kakae-kimi, kuji-dori = Nikyo in which his elbow is in your armpit and his hand is pulled forward; Pinning their hand with your foot |
| Kukyo | 9. principle = Inverted nanakyo |
Pins (Osae wasa )
| Ikkajo osae | Arm Pinning, ude osae |
| Nikajo osae | Forearm Rotating, kote mawashi |
| Sankajo osae | Forearm Twisting, kote hineri |
| Yonkajo osae | Wrist Pinning, tekubi osae |
| Gokyo osae | Arm Stretching, ude nobashi |
| Hiji-shime-osae | (overarm elbow lock) |
| Kata-gatama | Shoulder lock |
| Hiji osae | Elbow control |
Throws
| Kote gaeshi | Wrist turn-out - outwward wrist twist |
| Irimi nage | Entering body throw (" 20 year technique ") |
| Sukumen | Breath throw (underhead) |
| Shiho nage | Four direction throw |
| Tenchi nage | Heaven and earth throw |
| Kaiten nage | Rotary throw |
| Koshi nage | Hip throw |
| Mai otoshi | Corner drop from the back |
| Sumi otoshi | Corner drop |
| Otoshi | Dropping |
| Kokyu nage | Breath throw |
| Ude-garami | elbow lock and throw |
| Juji nage, juji garami | Arm entwining throw (" No. 10 throw ", since the arms form the japanese sign for 10 " + ". arms crossed, elbows locked) |
| Uchi-kaiten nage | Rotary throw inside (from the front) |
| Soto-kaiten nage | Rotary throw outside (from the side) |
| Kokyu ho | breathing method morotetori kokyu nage or ryotemochi kokynage ude-oroshi irimi |
| Kokyu-ryoku | Breathing power |
| Aiki otoshi | body drop, entering more deeply and picking up uke's off-side leg |
| Maki otoshi | nage ends up down on one knee, having thrown uke over nage's shoulder |
| Suni gaeshi | corner throw |
| Tai-atari uchi otoshi | from yokomen-uchi, entering and blocking.,uke gets thrown backwards |
| Ushiro udoroshi | pull down from behind |
| Kokyu dosa | Breath-power movement (from seiza) |
| Ganseki otoshi | Arm bar with elbow braced over shoulder |
| Katagatame | A variation of Kaiten nage where you lock your opponents houlder and bring him directly to the ground in a shoulder lock |
| Aikinage | " harmony " of throwing an opponent with no pre -control techniques |
Wepons
| Katana | Japanese sword |
| Bokken | Wooden sword |
| Jo | Wooden stick (staff) |
| Tanto-dori | Defence against a knife (tanto) |
| Tachi-dori | Defence against a sword (bokken) |
| Jo-dori | Defence against a staff (Jo) |
| Bokken Suburi | the 7 basic sword cuts |
| Bokken awase | Partner blending practice |
| Bokken kumitachi | " kata " practice with the partner |
| Jo suburi | The 20 basic Jo movements |
| Jo kata | The 13, 31, 25 & 22 count katas |
| Kumi-Jo | Jo against Jo - blending practice |
| Ken-tai-Jo | Sword against Jo partner practice |
Numbers
| 1 | ich | 20 | ni jyu (2 + 10) |
| 2 | ni | 21 | ni jyu ich (2 + 10 + 1) |
| 3 | san | 44 | yon jyu shi (4 + 10 + 4) |
| 4 | shi or yon | 79 | nana jyu kyu (7 + 10 + 9) |
| 5 | go | 99 | kyu jyu kyu |
| 6 | roku | 100 | hyaku |
| 7 | shichi or nana | 101 | hyaku ich |
| 8 | hachi | 147 | ichi hyaku yon jyu shichi |
| 9 | kyu | 201 | ni hyaku ich |
| 10 | jyu | 658 | roku hyaku go jyu hachi |
| 11 | jyu ich | 1000 | sen |
| 12 | jyu ni | 2445 | ni sen yon hyaku yon jyu go |
| 13 | jyu san | 3456 | san zen yon hyaku go jyu roku |
| 14 | jyu shi | 10000 | man |
| 15 | jyu go | 45789 | yon man go sen nana hyaku hachi jyu kyu |
| 16 | jyu roku | 600 | roppyaku (not a roku hyaku) |
| 17 | jyu shichi | 800 | happyaku (not a hachi hyaku) |
| 18 | jyu hachi | 8000 | hassen (not a hachi sen) |
| 19 | jyu kyu | ||
Use " shi " (4) or " shichi " (7) only for the last digit in the number
" sen " becomes " zen " after a voiced consonant " n " e.g. 3456
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